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Sexually Transmitted Infections
» Page last updated on Monday, 15 February 2010
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Introduction

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are passed on through intimate sexual contact. Anyone who is sexually active is potentially at risk of getting one. STIs include chlamydia, genital warts, herpes, syphilis and gonorrhoea. They can be passed on during anal, vaginal and oral sexual intercourse, as well as through genital contact with an infected partner.


Ways to catch STIs

Men who have sex with men can catch STIs through:

  • having unprotected anal sex,
  • having unprotected oral sex, or
  • having genital contact with an infected partner.

The risk of contracting infections such as gonorrhoea and syphilis through oral sex is much greater than the risk of contracting HIV.  However, recent studies suggest that the potential risk of HIV through oral sex is higher than previously estimated.
 


Taking care of your sexual health

If you are sexually active it is important to care for your body by giving it a regular MOT at your nearest GUM clinic. These checks will test for STIs. In between these periodic checks it is then important for you to watch out for any symptoms which could alert you to a new problem. See some of those most common ones detailed below. Do bear in mind though that not all STIs are detectable so again it really does pay to seek regular check-ups. Early treatment prevents a STI getting worse and of course reduces the risk of you passing it on to someone else.

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Prevention

Practising safe sex by wearing a condom is the most effective way of preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, you can never be 100% sure that a prospective sexual partner does not have an STI and the more sexual partners that you have, the higher the risk of contracting an STI. Therefore, if you have a new partner, it is a good idea for you both to be tested for STIs before having sex.



 

Most common sexually transmitted infections for men

Symptoms
You should visit your GP or local GUM clinic if you experience itching, swelling or redness around the penis, unusual discharge from the penis, or pains in the lower abdomen. Most conditions vary in their symptoms but the most common are listed below:

Genital warts
Many people who get the virus that leads to genital warts do not show any recognisable symptoms, and this is why the infection can go undiagnosed for a long time. However, if symptoms are present, they may include small white spots or lumps that are hidden inside the anus.

Genital herpes
Like genital warts, genital herpes is a condition that often presents no symptoms and can remain undiagnosed for long periods of time.  Symptoms may show in the form of flu-like symptoms, itchiness, burning or tingling around the genitals, small, fluid-filled blisters that burst to leave sores, and pain when passing urine.

Gonorrhoea
Gonorrhoea is an infection that is found in both sexes and can affect the genitals, anus, rectum and throat. Over 90% of men experience symptoms, including a thin, watery discharge from the tip of the penis that can appear yellow or green, and pain when urinating.

Syphilis
About three weeks after catching Syphilis one or more sores may appear on the body, usually around the penis. Anytime from a few weeks to a few months later a rash may appear: these small spots don't itch. At the same time other sores may appear and you may feel unwell, often as if you have a very bad cold. During this time you will be very infectious. If not treated Syphilis can eventually go on to cause more serious health problems later in life.

HIV
Many people do not develop any symptoms when they first become infected with HIV. Some people, however, get a flu-like illness within three to six weeks after exposure to the virus. The only way to know if you are HIV-positive is to have a test. Over time, infection with HIV weakens the immune system leading to difficulty fighting off certain infections.

Pubic lice
Symptoms of pubic lice include itchy skin, and you may notice black powder (lice droppings) in your underwear and whiteggs.


Disclaimer: The above information is provided as a guide only. If you have any concerns about your sexual health please seek a medical examination from your nearest GUM clinic.
 

 

 

 

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(Note: the sexual health posters are adapted from ones produced by the Terrence Higgins Trust)

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